十九 词根“-scribe”，“script”表示“写”
词源：
*skrībh-, Proto-Indo-European root meaning “to cut, separate, sift;” an extended form of root *sker- “to cut.” It is the hypothetical source of/ evidence for its existence is provided by: Greek skariphasthai “to scratch an outline, sketch;” Latin scribere “to write” (to carve marks in wood, stone, clay, etc.); Lettish skripat “scratch, write;” Old Norse hrifa “scratch.”
scribe [skraɪb] n. (印刷术发明之前的)抄写员 vt.&vi. 写下，记下 15008
助记：
scrib(写)+e(=person who，表示人)→抄写员
搭配：
scribe Scroll：抄录卷轴
scribble [ˈskrɪb(ə)l] v. 潦草地写；乱涂乱画 n. 潦草写成字、文章或图画 10075
助记：
scrib(写)+le(反复或连续动作、动作的小幅度重复，如dawdle, dwindle, squabble)→写字或画画等动作反复、连续重复(不太有规则地写或 画)→乱写乱画，涂鸦；潦草写成的字、文章或图画
搭配：
scribble on a wall：在墙上乱涂乱画
script [skrɪpt] n. 脚本；文字系统 vt. 为(电影、广播、电视等)写脚本 3315
助记：
script(写)→脚本；剧本；手稿；写剧本
搭配：
film script：电影剧本
scripture [ˈskrɪptʃə] n. (大写)《圣经》；《圣经》经文；圣典 10771
词源：
early 14c., “the sacred writings of the Bible;” mid-14c., “a writing, an act of writing, written characters,” from Late Latin scriptura “the writings contained in the Bible, a passage from the Bible,” in classical Latin “a writing, character, inscription,” from scriptus, past participle of scribere “to write” (from PIE root *skribh- “to cut”).
助记：
script(写)+-ure(名词后缀)→写下来的经文，经典→《圣经》；《圣 经》经文
搭配：
ancient scripture：古老的经文
scriptural [ˈskrɪptʃərəl] adj. 《圣经》中的；根据《圣经》的 17803
助记：
scripture(圣经)+-al(形容词后缀)→《圣经》中的；根据《圣经》的
搭配：
scriptural references: 《圣经》引文
释义：
(ADJ) Scriptural is used to describe things that are written in or based on the Christian Bible.
ascribe [əˈskraɪb] vt. 归因于；归咎于；将……归属于某人 11210
助记：
a(=ad，含义为to，去)+scribe(写)→把(功劳)写/记在你账上→归因于 (“把功劳记在你账上”就是“把功劳归因于你”)
搭配：
ascribe sth to sb/sth：将……归因于
释义：
(V-T) If you ascribe an event or condition to a particular cause, you say or consider that it was caused by that thing. (V-T) If you ascribe a quality to someone, you consider that they possess it.
conscript [kənˈskrɪpt] n. 应征士兵 vt. 征召入伍 adj. 被征召的 19825
词源：
“one who is compulsorily enrolled for military or naval service,” 1800
助记：
con (=com, together)+script(写)→共同被写入(征募士兵的册子)→应征 士兵，征召入伍，被征召的
搭配：
be conscripted into army：被征召进入军队
释义：
(N-COUNT) A conscript is a person who has been made to join the armed forces of a country. (V-T) If someone is conscripted, they are officially made to join the armed forces of a country.
manuscript [ˈmænjʊskrɪpt] n. 原稿；手稿 5176
助记：
man(=hand，手)+u(连接符号)+script(=scribe写，来源于单词“write： 写”)→用手亲自书写的稿件→手稿
搭配：
a manuscript of the book 这本书的一份手稿
释义：
(N-COUNT) A manuscript is a handwritten or typed document, especially a writer’s first version of a book before it is published.
prescribe [prɪˈskraɪb] vt&vi. 开(药、处方)；规定；命令 5449
助记：
pre(提前)+scribe(写)→提前写下来→规定、指导；开处方(即：指医生 在拿药前写出的指导)
搭配：
prescribed medications：开出的药
释义：
(V-T) If a doctor prescribes medicine or treatment for you, he or she tells you what medicine or treatment to have. (V-T) If a person or set of laws or rules prescribes an action or duty, they state that it must be carried out.
prescribed [prɪˈskraɪbd] adj. 规定的；指定的 9936
助记：
pre(提前)+scribe(写)+d (形容词后缀)→规定的
搭配：
prescribed course：规定科目
prescription [prɪˈskrɪpʃ(ə)n] n. 药方；规定；方案 3339
助记：
pre(提前)+script(写)+ion(名词后缀)→提前写下来的(然后根据处方配 药)，提前写下来的规则→处方；规定(方案)
搭配：
prescription-drug：处方药
释义：
(N-COUNT) A prescription is the piece of paper on which your doctor writes an order for medicine and which you give to a pharmacist to get the medicine. (N-COUNT) A prescription is a proposal or a plan that gives ideas about how to solve a problem or improve a situation.
transcribe [trænˈskraɪb;trɑːn-] vt. (根据笔记或磁带录音等)转录；抄写；整 理；打印 9707
词源：
1550s, from Latin transcribere “to copy, write again in another place, write over, transfer,” from trans “across, beyond; over” (see trans-)+scribere “to write” (from PIE root *skribh- “to cut”). To do it poorly is to transcribble (1746). Related: Transcribed; transcriber; transcribing.
助记：
trans(转变，转换)+-scrib(=write，写)+-e→把思想、言语、笔记等转 换方式，整理成文字→转录；抄写；整理；打印
搭配：
transcribe meters：抄表
释义：
(V-T) If you transcribe a speech or text, you write or type it out, for example, from notes or from a tape recording.
transcript [ˈtrænskrɪpt;ˈtrɑːn-] n. (根据录音或笔记整理的)文字本；成绩单； 抄本，转录物 6293
助记：
trans(转变，转换)+-scrib(=write，写)→录音、言语、笔记等整理成另 外一种形式的书面文字→文字本；成绩单；抄本，转录物
搭配：
academic transcript：成绩单；大学毕业证
transcription [trænˈskrɪpʃ(ə)n;trɑːn-] n. 抄写；抄本；誊写 14633
助记：
trans(转变，转换)+-script(写)+-ion→抄写；抄本；誊写
搭配：
academic transcript：成绩单；大学毕业证
circumscribe [ˈsɜːkəmskraɪb] vt. 限制，限定；在……周围画线 17559
词源：
late 14c., “to encompass; confine, restrain, mark out bounds or limits for,” from Latin circumscribere “to make a circle around, encircle, draw a line around; limit, restrain, confine, set the boundaries of,” from circum “around, round about” (see circum-)+scribere “to write” (from PIE root *skribh- “to cut”). Related: Circumscribed; circumscribing.
助记：
circum(=around，圈；周围)+scribe(写)→在……周围画圈圈(划定界 限)→限制，限 定；在……周围画线
搭配：
circumscribe one’s interest：限制某人的爱好
释义：
(V-T) If someone’s power or freedom is circumscribed, it is limited or restricted.
例句：
The army evidently fears that, under him, its activities would be severely circumscribed. 军方明显担心，在他的管辖下，各种活动都将受到严格限制。 There are laws circumscribing the right of individual citizens to cause bodily harm to others. 限制公民对他人造成人身伤害的规定是有法可依的
subscribe [səbˈskraib] vi. 订阅；定期捐款；预订 vt.&vi. 同意、赞成 vt. 签署 8132
词源：
early 15c., “to sign at the bottom of a document,” from Latin subscribere “write, write underneath, sign one’s name; register,” also figuratively “assent, agree to, approve,” from sub “underneath” (see sub-)+scribere “to write” (from PIE root *skribh- “to cut”). The meaning “give one’s consent” (by subscribing one’s name) first recorded mid-15c.; that of “contribute money to” 1630s; and that of “become a regular buyer of a publication” 1711, all originally literal. Related: Subscribed; subscribing
助记：
sub(=under，下)+scrib(写)+e(动词词尾)→在文件下面写下(名字)，表 示订购、捐款、同意、赞成→(签署名字)订阅；捐款；预定；同意、 赞成
搭配：
subscribe to the journal：订阅杂志
释义：
(V-I) If you subscribe to a magazine or a newspaper, you pay to receive copies of it regularly. (V-I) If you subscribe to an organizaiton, you pay money regularly to be a member of an organization or to support a charity. (V-I) If you subscribe to a servie, you apply to take part in an activity, use a service, etc. (V-I) If you subscribe to an opinion/perspective/point of view, you agree with/approve the idea/view.
例句：
Most people would subscribe to this view: setting off fireworks brings us great joy, and at the same time, some potential threats. 大多数人都会同意(subscribe to)这一观点：放鞭炮在给我们带来喜庆 的同时，也带来了潜在的威胁。
subscriber [səbˈskraibə] n. (报刊的)订阅者；(慈善机关等的)定期捐款者； 消费者、用户 7333
助记：
sub(=under，下)+scrib(写)+er(名词后缀，表示人)→在文件下面签署 名字的人(以承诺定期做某事)→订阅者；定期捐款者；用户
搭配：
subscribers to Newsweek/satellite and cable television：《新闻周刊》/卫 星或有线电视用户
subscription [səbˈskrɪpʃ(ə)n] n. (报刊的)订阅费；订阅；向慈善的机构的)定 期捐款；(俱乐部的)会员费 adj. (电视或频道)付费的 8466
助记：
subscribe(订阅，捐献)→订阅费；定期捐款；会员费；付费的
搭配：
yearly subscription：年度会员费
describe [dɪˈskraɪb] vt. 描述，形容；描绘，画出……图形 569
助记：
de(=down：下)+scribe(写)→写下(文字等)→“记”叙、描述
搭配：
describe...as...：讲成，称作
description [dɪˈskrɪpʃ(ə)n] n. 描述，描写；类型 2190
助记：
de(下)+script(写)+ion(名词后缀)→描述，描写，说明
搭配：
beyond description：无法形容
descriptive [dɪˈskrɪptɪv] adj. 描写的，叙述的；描写性的 7022
助记：
de(下)+script(写)+ive(形容词后缀)→描写的
搭配：
descriptive prose: 描述散文
descriptor [dɪˈskrɪptə] n. [计]描述符号 19739
助记：
de(=down：下)+scrib(写)+e(动词词汇)→写下(文字等)→“记”叙、 描述
释义：
a word or expression used to describe or identify sth
nondescript [ˈnɒndɪskrɪpt] adj. 毫无特色的；毫无兴趣的；毫无吸引力的 n. 无明显特征的人或物；难以形容的人或物 15178
助记：
non(=no，不)+de(下)+script(写)→不能描绘、形容、描写的人或物→ 毫无特色；毫无吸引力；莫可名状的人或物
搭配：
nondescript buildings：毫无特色的建筑
inscribe [ɪnˈskraɪb] vt. 题写；题献；铭记；雕刻 9397
助记：
in-(进)+-scribe(写)→写在、刻在(碑文、金属、纸上)上面的字→题 写；题献；铭记；雕刻
搭配：
inscribe to：题献给；inscribe a tomb：在墓碑上刻字
inscribed [ɪnˈskraɪbd] adj. 题写的；内切的；记名的；有铭刻的 v. 题写；雕 刻(inscribe的过去分词) 19999
助记：
inscribe(题写；铭记；雕刻)+-d(形容词后缀)→题写的；铭刻的；雕刻
搭配：
inscribed shares：记名股票；inscribed circle：内切圆
inscription [ɪnˈskrɪpʃ(ə)n] n. 铭文；碑文；题词；刻印 9175
助记：
in-(进，在里面)+script(写)+ion(名词后缀)→题词；铭记；雕刻
搭配：
...bear the inscription：……上面刻有
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